Blockchain Framework-Based Intelligent COVID-19 Patient Management and Triage System

Table of Contents

1. Gabatarwa

COVID-19 pandemic ya bayyana gazawar tsarin kula da lafiya a duniya, musamman a fannin gudanar da abubuwan da suka shafi lafiyar jama'a. Tsarin bayanan kiwon lafiya na gargajiya yana fuskantar kalubale a cikin cikakken bayanai, bayyana gaskiya, da raba bayanai cikin sauri tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki. Wannan maqala ta gabatar da tsarin blockchain wanda ya dogara da kwangilar Ethereum don magance waɗannan matsalolin a cikin sarrafa marasa lafiya da raba su a lokacin COVID-19.

Barkewar cutar COVID-19 ta nuna ƙarancin tsarin kiwon lafiya wajen magance gaggawar lafiyar jama'a. Amfani da fasahohin ƙira kamar blockchain, ta hanyar rage jinkirin amincewar ƙa'idodi da inganta sadarwa tsakanin masu ruwa da tsaki daban-daban, yana taimakawa wajen cimma ingantaccen ƙira da aiwatar da albarkatu a fagen kiwon lafiya.

2. Hanyar

2.1 Blockchain Architecture Design

The proposed system utilizes Ethereum blockchain to create a decentralized network for COVID-19 data management. The architecture comprises multiple layers: data storage layer, smart contract layer, application layer, and user interface layer. Each layer interacts through defined protocols to ensure secure data flow and access control.

2.2 Smart Contract Implementation

Kwangilar wayo tana sarrafa tsarin rarraba marasa lafiya da ikon samun damar bayanai ta atomatik. Kwangilar tana ayyana ka'idoji don shigar da bayanai, gyare-gyare, da dawo da su, tana tabbatar da cewa ƙungiyoyi masu izini kawai za su iya samun damar bayanan marasa lafiya masu mahimmanci, yayin da ake kiyaye gaskiyar tsarin gaba ɗaya.

2.3 Patient Data Management

Tsarin yana gudanar da nau'ikan bayanan COVID-19 iri-iri, gami da sakamakon gwaji, yanayin marasa lafiya (tabbatacce/korau/warkewa), buƙatar kwantar da asibiti, da bayanan bin diddigin masu hulɗa. Ana adana bayanan da aka ɓoye a kan blockchain, kuma ana aiwatar da sarrafa damar shiga dangane da matsayin masu ruwa da tsaki.

3. Technical Implementation

3.1 Mathematical Framework

Blockchain security relies on cryptographic hash functions. SHA-256 algorithm ensures data integrity:

$H(x) = SHA256(x)$

A canza H(x) tana nufin fitarwar hash na bayanan shigarwar x. Yuwuwar karon hash yana da ƙarancin ƙima, yana ba da damar tsarin ya tsira daga ɓarna cikin aminci.

Tsarin yarjejeniya yana amfani da Hujjar Hukuma (PoA) don cimma saurin sarrafa ma'amala:

$Consensus = \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} V_i$

Inda $V_i$ ke wakiltar tashar tabbatarwa, $n$ shine jimillar masu tabbatar da izini.

3.2 Algorithm Design

Return "High priority"

算法：COVID-19患者分诊
输入：患者症状、生命体征、风险因素
输出：优先级（高、中、低）

1. 收集患者数据：体温、血氧饱和度、合并症
2. 计算严重程度评分 S = w1*T + w2*O2 + w3*C
3. 如果 S > 阈值_高：
      返回"高优先级"
   否则如果 S > 阈值_中：
      返回"中优先级"
   否则：
      返回"低优先级"
4. 在区块链上记录分诊决策

3.3 Code Implementation

Else if S > threshold_medium:

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract COVID19PatientManagement {
    struct Patient {
        string patientId;
        string testResult;
        uint256 testDate;
        string status;
        address authorizedDoctor;
    }
    
    mapping(string => Patient) public patients;
    address public admin;
    
    constructor() {
        admin = msg.sender;
    }
    
    function addPatientTest(
        string memory _patientId,
        string memory _testResult,
        string memory _status
    ) public onlyAdmin {
        patients[_patientId] = Patient({
            patientId: _patientId,
            testResult: _testResult,
            testDate: block.timestamp,
            status: _status,
            authorizedDoctor: msg.sender
        });
    }
    
    modifier onlyAdmin() {
        require(msg.sender == admin, "Only admin can perform this action");
        _;
    }
}

4. Experimental Results

The proposed system was tested using simulated COVID-19 data representing 10,000 patient records. Compared with traditional centralized databases, the blockchain implementation demonstrated significant improvements in data integrity and access efficiency.

Zanen tsarin tsarin ya bayyana hulɗar tsakanin ɓangarori daban-daban:

5. Analysis and Discussion

6. Aikace-aikacen Nan gaba

The blockchain framework developed for COVID-19 management holds broader applications across healthcare and other domains:

• Faɗaɗɗen martanin cutar: Mai dacewa ga cututtukan gaba, tare da ƙaramin gyare-gyare kawai
• Bayanan lafiya na gaba ɗaya: Cross-Institutional Electronic Health Record Security Management
• Supply Chain Tracking: Drug and Medical Device Supply Chain Transparency
• Binciken Alurar Rigakafi: Takaddun Alurar Rigakafi na Lambar da ke da Ingantaccen Gaskiya
• Bayanan Lafiya na Ketare: Rarraba bayanan lafiya tsakanin ƙasashe cikin aminci

Binciken nan gaba ya haɗa da haɗa kai na'urorin IoT don sa ido kan marasa lafiya na ainihi, bincike na hasashe na tushen AI don hasashen annoba, da kuma aiki tare da tsarin kiwon lafiya na yau da kullun ta daidaitaccen API.

7. References

1. Zhu, J. Y., Park, T., Isola, P., & Efros, A. A. (2017). Unpaired image-to-image translation using cycle-consistent adversarial networks. Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, 2223-2232.
2. World Health Organization. (2020). COVID-19 Strategic Update.
3. IEEE Blockchain Initiative. (2021). Blockchain in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges.
4. MIT Digital Currency Initiative. (2020). Consensus Mechanisms for Healthcare Applications.
5. European Blockchain Partnership. (2021). Blockchain Guide for Healthcare.
6. World Health Organization. (2020). Global strategy on digital health 2020-2025.
7. Zhang, P., Schmidt, D. C., White, J., & Lenz, G. (2018). Blockchain technology use cases in healthcare. Advances in computers, 111, 1-41.
8. McGhin, T., Choo, K. K. R., Liu, C. Z., & He, D. (2019). Blockchain in healthcare applications: Research challenges and opportunities. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 135, 62-75.